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T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Cytotoxic CD4+ T Cells Drive Multiple Sclerosis Progression.

Liesbet M Peeters¹, Marjan Vanheusden¹, Veerle Somers¹

¹School of Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Transnationale Universiteit Limburg, Diepenbeek, Belgium.

Frontiers in Immunology

|October 6, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4+ CTL) correlate with multiple sclerosis (MS) disease severity and predict long-term outcomes. Identifying these cells may lead to personalized MS treatments and improved prognosis.

Keywords:

CD4+CD28null T cells multimodal evoked potentials multiple sclerosis personalized medicine prognosis prognostic risk factor

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Area of Science:

Neuroimmunology
Immunogenetics

Background:

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults, characterized by unpredictable disease progression.
Cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4+ CTL), identified as CD4+CD28null T cells, have been implicated in tissue damage and inflammation in MS animal models.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the correlation between CD4+ CTL presence and clinical outcomes in MS patients.
To evaluate the prognostic value of CD4+CD28null T cells in predicting MS disease progression.

Main Methods:

Blood samples from 176 relapsing-remitting MS patients were analyzed for the percentage of CD4+CD28null T cells at baseline.
Multimodal evoked potentials (EP) and Kurtzke expanded disability status scale (EDSS) were used as outcome measures at baseline, 3 years, and 5 years.

Main Results:

A significant association was found between baseline CD4+CD28null T cell percentage and baseline EP, indicating a link to disease severity (P=0.003, R²=0.28).
The baseline CD4+CD28null T cell percentage demonstrated prognostic value, correlating with EP at 3 years (P=0.005, R²=0.29) and with EP and EDSS at 5 years (P=0.008, R²=0.42; P=0.003, R²=0.27).

Conclusions:

This study establishes the first direct link between CD4+ CTL and MS disease severity and prognosis.
Future research should focus on therapeutic strategies targeting CD4+ CTL formation and incorporating immunophenotyping into predictive models for personalized MS medicine.