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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Microtubules in Signaling01:22

Microtubules in Signaling

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The primary cilium, made up of microtubules, acts as antennae on the cell surfaces for relaying external stimuli into the cells. These fine hair-like structures are present, generally one per cell. These are non-motile cilia in a 9+0 microtubules arrangement, where the central pair of microtubules are absent. The primary cilia arise from the basal body embedded in the cell membrane. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) carries requisite proteins from the cytoplasm to the cilium because the primary...
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Experimental RNAi02:15

Experimental RNAi

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RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular mechanism that inhibits gene expression by suppressing its transcription or activating the RNA degradation process. The mechanism was discovered by Andrew Fire and Craig Mello in 1998 in plants. Today, it is observed in almost all eukaryotes, including protozoa, flies, nematodes, insects, parasites, and mammals. This precise cellular mechanism of gene silencing has been developed into a technique that provides an efficient way to identify and determine the...
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siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

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Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Author Spotlight: Unraveling the Molecular Mechanisms in PCO and Fibrosis Following Cataract Surgery
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MicroRNAs: new players in cataract.

Xin Yu1, Heyi Zheng1, Matthew Tv Chan2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100042, China.

American Journal of Translational Research
|October 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial in cataract development, a leading cause of blindness. Understanding these small noncoding RNAs offers new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for age-related cataracts.

Keywords:
CataractmiRNAsmicroRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cataract is the primary cause of global blindness, with aging being a significant risk factor.
  • Cataractogenesis is multifactorial, influenced by aging, ocular diseases, and environmental factors.
  • Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cataract is critical due to the aging population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in cataract development.
  • To explore the potential of miRNAs as diagnostic markers for cataracts.
  • To discuss miRNAs as therapeutic targets for cataract treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on microRNA involvement in cataractogenesis.
  • Analysis of studies linking miRNA deregulation to ocular diseases.
  • Examination of miRNA regulatory functions in cellular processes relevant to cataract.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs are implicated in key cellular functions like apoptosis and stress response, relevant to cataract formation.
  • Aberrant miRNA expression is associated with the pathogenesis of various diseases, including eye conditions.
  • Specific miRNAs have been identified as potentially playing roles in cataract development.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are significant regulators in cataractogenesis.
  • miRNAs present promising opportunities for novel cataract diagnostics.
  • Targeting miRNAs could lead to innovative therapeutic approaches for cataracts.