Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

789
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
789
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

838
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
838
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

1.2K
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
1.2K
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

1.6K
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
1.6K
Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

2.2K
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
2.2K
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

1.0K
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
1.0K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Degree of islet function preservation and continuous glucose monitoring in individuals undergoing total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation.

Diabetologia·2026
Same author

Effects of Selective Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 Agonist, TRV045, on Evoked Pain Tests: An Exploratory, Four-Way Cross-Over Study in Healthy Volunteers.

European journal of pain (London, England)·2026
Same author

Pain processing and pain assessment in Huntington's disease: Study protocol of the Huntington's disease - PAIN study.

PloS one·2026
Same author

<i>In Vivo</i> Detection of Nitrous Oxide in Blood and Saliva Following Recreational Use.

ACS omega·2026
Same author

Effect of Paroxetine or Escitalopram Coadministered with Oxycodone versus Oxycodone Alone on Ventilation during Hypercapnia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Anesthesiology·2026
Same author

Effects of Tetrodotoxin on Safety, and Sensory and Respiratory Systems: A Dose-Escalating Study in Healthy Volunteers.

European journal of pain (London, England)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

In vivo Calcium Imaging in Mouse Inferior Olive
08:58

In vivo Calcium Imaging in Mouse Inferior Olive

Published on: June 10, 2021

6.3K

Ketamine for pain.

Kelly Jonkman1, Albert Dahan1, Tine van de Donk1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Anesthesia & Pain Research Unit, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.

F1000Research
|October 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ketamine effectively reduces postoperative pain and opioid use. However, its analgesic efficacy is limited for other pain types, like chronic pain, and may increase side effects.

Keywords:
analgesiaketaminepainpostoperative pain

More Related Videos

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents
02:26

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents

Published on: April 9, 2019

5.9K
Cecal Ligation Puncture Procedure
11:53

Cecal Ligation Puncture Procedure

Published on: May 7, 2011

56.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 21, 2026

In vivo Calcium Imaging in Mouse Inferior Olive
08:58

In vivo Calcium Imaging in Mouse Inferior Olive

Published on: June 10, 2021

6.3K
Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents
02:26

Intracranial Pharmacotherapy and Pain Assays in Rodents

Published on: April 9, 2019

5.9K
Cecal Ligation Puncture Procedure
11:53

Cecal Ligation Puncture Procedure

Published on: May 7, 2011

56.4K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Pain Management
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • The use of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, specifically ketamine, as an analgesic is debated.
  • Limited evidence exists regarding ketamine's efficacy across various pain indications, including chronic pain.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the existing literature on ketamine's efficacy for pain relief.
  • To assess ketamine's effectiveness for different pain types, such as postoperative, acute, cancer, and chronic pain.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a literature search for narrative reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses on ketamine as an analgesic.
  • Screened 189 unique articles, selecting 29 relevant studies for this review.

Main Results:

  • Ketamine demonstrates significant efficacy in relieving postoperative pain and reducing opioid consumption.
  • Limited analgesic effect was observed for acute pain, prevention of persistent postoperative pain, cancer pain, and chronic non-cancer pain.
  • Increased side effects, including schizotypical effects, were associated with ketamine's lack of analgesic efficacy in certain conditions.

Conclusions:

  • Ketamine is most effective for postoperative pain management, aiding in opioid reduction.
  • Its efficacy is limited for other pain conditions, and potential side effects warrant consideration.
  • Further research is needed to clarify ketamine's role in diverse pain management strategies.