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Avian Biotechnology.

Yoshiaki Nakamura1

  • 1Division of Germ Cell Biology, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan. ynsu@nibb.ac.jp.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Avian primordial germ cells (PGCs) can be transplanted, enabling genetic modification of poultry. This technique is crucial for advancing poultry biotechnology, genetic resource conservation, and agricultural applications.

Keywords:
Artificial inseminationChickensCryopreservationEmbryo cultureGemline chimerasGenetic modificationPoultryPrimordial germ cellsTransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Biotechnology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Reproductive Technologies

Background:

  • Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are essential for reproduction and are attractive targets for animal biotechnology.
  • Avian PGCs circulate in the vasculature during early development, facilitating germline manipulation.
  • PGC transplantation is a key technique in avian biotechnology, distinct from mammalian approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the principles, history, and procedures of avian germline chimera production via PGC transplantation.
  • To review the current status of avian germline modification and germplasm cryopreservation.
  • To discuss fundamental avian reproductive technologies and their industrial applications.

Main Methods:

  • PGC transplantation into avian embryos.
  • Advanced techniques: cell purification, cryopreservation, depletion, and in vitro culture.
  • Artificial insemination and embryo culture.

Main Results:

  • Establishment of genetically modified poultry lines.
  • Ex-situ conservation of poultry genetic resources.
  • Enabling of various industrial applications in agriculture and pharmacy.

Conclusions:

  • Avian PGC transplantation is a powerful tool for germline modification and genetic resource management.
  • This technology holds significant potential for improving poultry productivity, disease resistance, and pharmaceutical applications.
  • Future perspectives include gene banking and advanced applications like egg modification and poultry gene "pharming".