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Related Concept Videos

The Parathyroid Glands00:59

The Parathyroid Glands

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The two pairs of parathyroid glands embedded within the posterior surface of the thyroid gland are restricted by a dense capsule around them. These glands comprise two distinct cell populations—parathyroid oxyphil and parathyroid principal cells- pivotal in calcium homeostasis.
Oxyphil cells, whose functions remain elusive, emerge during late puberty, adding a layer of complexity to the parathyroid gland's intricacies. In contrast, principal parathyroid cells undertake a vital role by...
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Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis01:21

Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis

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Calcium is not only the most abundant mineral in bone but also the most abundant mineral in the human body. Calcium ions are needed for bone mineralization, tooth health, heart rate regulation and strength of contraction, blood coagulation, the contraction of smooth and skeletal muscle cells, and the regulation of nerve impulse conduction. The average calcium level in the blood is about 10 mg/dL. When the body cannot maintain this level, a person will experience hypo or hypercalcemia.
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

Hormones and Bone Tissue

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

Major Hormones and Their Functions

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
Oxytocin, produced in the hypothalamus and released by the pituitary gland, plays a role in social bonding, childbirth, and...
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin00:51

Synthesis and Functions of Calcitonin

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Calcitonin, a vital polypeptide hormone, regulates calcium levels within body fluids. It is released by the parafollicular cells, also known as C cells, situated in the follicular epithelium of the thyroid gland. Calcitonin responds to fluctuations in blood calcium levels and the influence of gastrointestinal hormones like gastrin and cholecystokinin.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy
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Generation of Hypoparathyroid Rats via Carbon-Nanoparticle-Assisted Parathyroidectomy

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Hypoparathyroidism.

Michael Mannstadt, John P Bilezikian, Rajesh V Thakker

    Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
    |October 6, 2017
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This article corrects a previously published Digital Object Identifier (DOI). The correction ensures accurate referencing for scientific literature and aids in the retrieval of research. This ensures proper citation tracking.

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    Area of Science:

    • Scientific Publishing
    • Bibliometrics
    • Scholarly Communication

    Background:

    • Accurate referencing is crucial for scientific integrity.
    • Digital Object Identifiers (DOIs) are essential for locating research articles.
    • Errors in DOIs can impede access to scientific literature.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To correct an erroneous Digital Object Identifier (DOI) in a published article.
    • To ensure accurate citation and retrieval of the intended research.
    • To maintain the integrity of the scientific record.

    Main Methods:

    • Identification of the incorrect DOI.
    • Verification of the correct DOI for the specified article.
    • Issuance of a correction notice.

    Main Results:

    • The incorrect DOI has been identified and rectified.
    • The correct DOI is now associated with the article.
    • Improved accessibility and accurate citation are now possible.

    Conclusions:

    • Correction of DOIs is a vital process in scholarly publishing.
    • Ensuring DOI accuracy upholds the reliability of scientific communication.
    • This correction facilitates proper attribution and discovery of research.