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Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

CD Spectroscopy to Study DNA-Protein Interactions
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Activator Protein-1: redox switch controlling structure and DNA-binding.

Zhou Yin1, Mischa Machius1, Eric J Nestler2

  • 1Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, and the Sealy Center for Structural Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA.

Nucleic Acids Research
|October 6, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Activator protein-1 (AP-1) DNA binding is redox-controlled. Structural studies reveal a

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular biology
  • Structural biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The transcription factor activator protein-1 (AP-1) plays a crucial role in gene regulation.
  • AP-1 DNA binding is known to be influenced by cellular redox state, but the mechanism remains unclear.
  • Understanding AP-1 regulation is vital for deciphering cellular responses to oxidative stress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular mechanism by which redox control regulates AP-1 DNA binding.
  • To provide structural insights into the conformational changes of AP-1 FosB/JunD upon DNA interaction.
  • To investigate the role of the identified 'redox switch' in AP-1 function.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray crystallography was employed to determine the structures of AP-1 FosB/JunD bZIP domains.
  • Solution studies, including redox potential measurements, were conducted to assess DNA-binding competency.
  • Structural and functional analyses were integrated to understand redox-dependent conformational changes.

Main Results:

  • Crystal structures revealed ordered DNA-binding regions in both FosB and JunD, even without DNA.
  • A conformational rearrangement in FosB, controlled by a disulfide bond 'redox switch', is essential for DNA binding.
  • FosB/JunD binding is inhibited when the redox switch is in the 'OFF' state, and its potential is sensitive to cellular redox homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals the precise mechanism of redox-regulation for AP-1 Fos/Jun transcription factors.
  • A redox-controlled conformational switch in FosB is critical for AP-1's ability to bind DNA.
  • These findings offer structural insights for developing therapeutic strategies targeting AP-1.