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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

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Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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Experimental observation of carousel-like phason flips in the decagonal quasicrystal Al<sub>60</sub>Cr<sub>20</sub>Fe<sub>10</sub>Si<sub>10</sub>.

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Gummelt versus Lück decagon covering and beyond. Implications for decagonal quasicrystals.

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Novel kind of decagonal ordering in Al<sub>74</sub>Cr<sub>15</sub>Fe<sub>11</sub>.

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Quasicrystal-related mosaics with periodic lattices interlaid with aperiodic tiles.

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Quasicrystals: What do we know? What do we want to know? What can we know?

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Related Experiment Video

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On-Chip Crystallization and Large-Scale Serial Diffraction at Room Temperature
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Quasicrystals - A Paradigm Shift in Crystallography?

Walter Steurer1

  • 1Laboratory of Crystallography, ETH Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 10, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland steurer@mat.ethz.ch.

Chimia
|October 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary

The discovery of quasicrystals significantly impacted crystallography, challenging traditional definitions of crystals and long-range order. This research explores their broad implications across various scales.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Condensed Matter Physics

Background:

  • Quasicrystals exhibit long-range order but lack translational symmetry, challenging traditional crystal definitions.
  • Their discovery has implications for understanding thermodynamic equilibrium and diffraction theory.
  • Quasicrystals are observed across multiple length scales, from atomic to macroscopic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the significance of quasicrystal discovery for crystallography.
  • To determine if quasicrystals represent a scientific revolution or paradigm shift.
  • To provide an overview of current quasicrystal research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on quasicrystals.
  • Analysis of the impact of quasicrystals on crystallographic principles.

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Microcrystallography of Protein Crystals and In Cellulo Diffraction
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  • Discussion of quasicrystal observations at atomic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic scales.

    • Main Results:

    • Quasicrystals have fundamentally altered the understanding of long-range order and crystal definitions.
    • The research confirms quasicrystals' broad impact across various scientific disciplines and scales.
    • The discovery prompted significant advancements in diffraction theory.

    Conclusions:

    • The discovery of quasicrystals has had profound consequences for crystallography and materials science.
    • Quasicrystals represent a significant paradigm shift, expanding the definition of crystalline order.
    • Continued research into quasicrystals is crucial for further scientific advancement.