Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Stimulants

Stimulants

Stimulants are substances that enhance neural activity and elevate dopamine levels in the brain, leading to their highly addictive nature. These drugs include cocaine, amphetamines, MDMA, caffeine, and nicotine, each with distinct mechanisms of action and varied health implications.
Cocaine can be administered via snorting, injection, or smoking. It primarily functions by blocking the reuptake of dopamine, resulting in a euphoric high characterized by an intense sensation of happiness and...

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants

Drugs Acting on Autonomic Ganglia: Stimulants

Ganglionic stimulants activate NM nicotinic receptors in autonomic ganglia, falling into two categories: nicotine mimetics [e.g., lobeline, dimethylpiperazine, tetramethylammonium] and muscarinic receptor agonists [e.g., muscarine, methacholine]. The first category's action is rapid and blocked by nicotinic receptor antagonists, while the second category's action is delayed and blocked by atropine-like agents. Nicotine, an alkaloid, affects the heart rate by stimulating...

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...

Toxidromes: Clinical Features

Toxidromes: Clinical Features

Toxidromes are specific patterns of symptoms resulting from toxic substance exposure. They help in the identification and treatment of poisoning. The symptoms of each toxidrome group indicate poisoning by a certain class of chemicals or drugs.1. Sympathomimetic: Stimulates the sympathetic nervous system. Symptoms include agitation, increased heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR), temperature, and pupil size. Drugs like cocaine and amphetamines, along with tremors and...

Drug Dependence

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Factors influencing the learning experience in pharmaceutical internships: A qualitative interview study.

European journal of pharmacology·2025

Same author

CFTR modulator therapy via carrier mother to treat meconium ileus in a F508del homozygous fetus: Insights from an unsuccessful case.

Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society·2025

Same author

Population Pharmacokinetics of Remdesivir and GS-441524 in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients.

Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy·2022

Same author

A new semi-orthotopic bone defect model for cell and biomaterial testing in regenerative medicine.

Biomaterials·2021

Same author

Clinically relevant potential drug-drug interactions in intensive care patients: A large retrospective observational multicenter study.

Journal of critical care·2020

Same author

Evaluating imipenem + cilastatin + relebactam for the treatment of complicated urinary tract infections.

Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies

Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies

Published on: August 25, 2018

[Fatal intoxication with nicotine for e-cigarette].

D H van der Meer¹, A D Pranger, I Jansen

¹Isala, Zwolle.

Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde

|October 7, 2017

Summary

Highly concentrated nicotine e-liquids pose a lethal risk. Accidental or intentional ingestion can cause severe nicotine poisoning, leading to cardiac arrest and death, even in small amounts.

More Related Videos

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol

Published on: January 18, 2018

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System

Published on: May 24, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies

Generation of Electronic Cigarette Aerosol by a Third-Generation Machine-Vaping Device: Application to Toxicological Studies

Published on: August 25, 2018

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol

A Microcontroller Operated Device for the Generation of Liquid Extracts from Conventional Cigarette Smoke and Electronic Cigarette Aerosol

Published on: January 18, 2018

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System

Published on: May 24, 2017

Area of Science:

Toxicology
Emergency Medicine
Public Health

Background:

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has surged globally.
E-cigarette liquids contain high concentrations of nicotine, posing a significant ingestion risk.

Observation:

A 42-year-old male presented with cardiac arrest after ingesting concentrated e-cigarette liquid.
Initial assessment revealed no pulse, requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and adrenaline administration.
The patient exhibited a critically high plasma nicotine level (3.0 mg/l) and poor neurological function.

Findings:

Nicotine intoxication from e-liquids can rapidly lead to life-threatening toxicity.
Even small ingestions (millilitres) of concentrated nicotine can be fatal.
High nicotine levels are strongly associated with cardiac arrhythmias and arrest.

Implications:

E-cigarette liquid ingestion must be recognized as a medical emergency.
Healthcare providers should consider nicotine poisoning in patients with cardiac arrest and relevant exposure history.
Public health awareness regarding the dangers of concentrated nicotine e-liquids is crucial.