Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 21, 2026

A Modified Trier Social Stress Test for Vulnerable Mexican American Adolescents
Published on: July 10, 2017
Scaling Theory of Mind in a Small-Scale Society: A Case Study From Vanuatu
Henry G W Dixson1,2, Aimée F Komugabe-Dixson1,2, Barnaby J Dixson3
1The Australian National University.
Abstract:
Although theory of mind (ToM) is argued to emerge between 3 and 5 years of age, data from non-Western, small-scale societies suggest diversity. Deeper investigations into these settings are warranted. In the current study, over 400 Melanesian children from Vanuatu (range = 3-14 years), growing up in either urban or rural remote environments, completed culturally tailored ToM batteries. Results show a marked delay in false belief (FB) performance, particularly among participants from rural villages. By further investigating a diverse range of concepts beyond FB, we illustrate two unique cultural sequences for a suite of mental state concepts among urban and rural ni-Vanuatu children. Implications for social and cultural influences on the development of ToM are discussed.
More Related Videos
05:04A Common Marmoset Model of Mother-Infant Intervention for Breastfeeding Disorders in the Presence of Paternal Inhibition and Maternal Neglect
Published on: September 22, 2023
08:42Assessment of Social Cognition in Non-human Primates Using a Network of Computerized Automated Learning Device ALDM Test Systems
Published on: May 5, 2015
Related Concept Videos
Impact of Social Context on Individuals
Naturalistic Observations
Social Foundations of Self II: The Generalized Other
Vygotsky's Cognitive Development in Cultural Context
Case Studies
Causes of Social Behavior II: Cognitive Processes