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Vestibular Function Change in a Vasopressin-Induced Hydrops Model.

Minbum Kim1, Kyu-Sung Kim

  • 1*Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Catholic Kwandong University College of Medicine †Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.

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A vasopressin injection can temporarily cause Meniere's disease-like symptoms in guinea pigs, leading to vestibular dysfunction. This new model aids in studying acute hydrops treatments and the causes of bidirectional nystagmus.

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Neuroscience
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Meniere's disease (MD) acute attacks are challenging to model in animals.
  • Previous models do not accurately reflect acute MD exacerbations.
  • A desmopressin (vasopressin type 2 receptor agonist) model for acute hydrops was recently introduced but lacked vestibular function analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of vasopressin (VP) on vestibular function in a guinea pig model of endolymphatic hydrops.
  • To evaluate the utility of a VP-induced hydrops model for studying acute MD attacks.

Main Methods:

  • 37 guinea pigs underwent endolymphatic sac ablation; 33 developed hydrops.
  • Acute hydrops was induced with single (Group A, n=18) or double (Group B, n=15) VP injections.
  • Vestibular function was assessed using sinusoidal harmonic acceleration (SHA) tests, measuring vestibular symmetry scores.

Main Results:

  • Single VP injection transiently increased vestibular asymmetry in Group A (p < 0.001), returning to baseline within 2 hours.
  • Double VP injections in Group B sustained vestibular asymmetry for over 3 hours.
  • Two types of vestibular responses (Type I and Type II) were observed, with some shifts from Type II to Type I after the second VP dose.

Conclusions:

  • Vasopressin (VP) can transiently induce endolymphatic hydrops and asymmetric vestibular dysfunction in guinea pigs.
  • This VP-induced model is suitable for investigating treatments for acute hydrops.
  • The model may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying bidirectional nystagmus in Meniere's disease.