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Spatial structure normalises working memory performance in Parkinson's disease.

Sean J Fallon1, Daniel Bor2, Adam Hampshire3

  • 1Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK; Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, UK.

Cortex; a Journal Devoted to the Study of the Nervous System and Behavior
|October 7, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Parkinson's disease (PD) impairs spatial working memory (WM) when information lacks structure. Executive function in PD patients helps manage irrelevant information, but doesn't affect core memory span deficits.

Keywords:
AttentionChunkingIrrelevanceParkinson's diseaseWorking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Cognitive deficits, especially in spatial working memory (WM), are common in Parkinson's disease (PD).
  • The fundamental alterations in WM and the role of executive function in PD patients remain unclear.
  • It is unknown if WM deficits are universal in PD or specific to a subgroup with executive impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate factors influencing spatial span in medicated Parkinson's disease patients.
  • To determine if the structure of information affects spatial working memory performance in PD.
  • To examine the role of executive function in mitigating working memory deficits in PD.

Main Methods:

  • Assessed spatial span by varying the complexity and structure of to-be-remembered items in medicated PD patients and controls.
  • Manipulated the structure of memoranda to assess how easily information enters or is blocked from WM.
  • Examined WM control by introducing irrelevant information during encoding, varying its structure and task switching demands.

Main Results:

  • Parkinson's disease patients showed impaired spatial span only when remembering information lacking inherent structure.
  • Executive function levels did not influence the core spatial span deficits related to information structure.
  • Executive function constrained the negative impact of irrelevant information on WM, but disease itself did not significantly alter these effects.

Conclusions:

  • Spatial working memory span in Parkinson's disease is primarily dictated by the level of structure in the information to be remembered.
  • Executive function may play a protective role, mitigating the effects of irrelevant information on working memory.
  • These findings suggest a nuanced understanding of working memory deficits in PD, dependent on information characteristics and executive control.