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Seagrass leaf element content: A global overview.

J Arie Vonk1, Fee O H Smulders1, Marjolijn J A Christianen2

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This study compiled global seagrass leaf element data, revealing environmental factors more than species type influence nutrient levels. Understanding these elements is key for healthy seagrass meadows.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Marine Botany
  • Ecology
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Limited knowledge exists regarding the specific roles and concentration ranges of elements, particularly micronutrients, within seagrass leaves.
  • Seagrass meadows are vital marine ecosystems, yet their elemental composition and the factors influencing it remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a comprehensive global database of element concentrations in seagrass leaves.
  • To investigate the influence of species, evolutionary history, and environmental factors on seagrass leaf elemental composition.
  • To explore the relationship between leaf element content and seagrass productivity.

Main Methods:

  • Compiled 1126 unique leaf element values for ten elements from literature and unpublished data.
  • Included data from 25 seagrass species across 28 countries.
  • Analyzed element concentrations, considering species, families, and environmental influences.

Main Results:

  • Established the general order of average element values in seagrass leaves: Sodium (Na) > Potassium (K) > Calcium (Ca) > Magnesium (Mg) > Sulfur (S) > Iron (Fe) > Aluminum (Al) > Silicon (Si) > Manganese (Mn) > Zinc (Zn).
  • Demonstrated that intraspecific variation in leaf element content is primarily driven by environmental factors rather than seagrass family or evolutionary history.
  • Observed higher leaf Aluminum (Al) and Iron (Fe) content in early successional species and identified correlations between leaf element content and macronutrients (Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P)).

Conclusions:

  • Environmental factors significantly shape seagrass leaf elemental composition, highlighting the need for localized ecological understanding.
  • The interplay between various elements, including micronutrients, is crucial for maintaining productive seagrass ecosystems.
  • Future research combining genomic data with experimental manipulations of nutrients and environmental drivers can further elucidate the importance of specific elements for seagrass health and productivity.