To increase the incorporation efficiency of genetically encoding N^ε-acetyllysine in recombinant protein

Reversible N^ε-lysine (N^ε-Lys) acetylation is a dynamic post-translational modification. Genetic incorporation of N^ε-acetyllysine (N^ε-AcK) into the specific site of a protein is a powerful method for producing recombinant protein with acetylation and studying the functional role of protein acetylation. Because of the universal existence of deacetylase such as CobB in vivo, the acetyl group of N^ε-AcK may be removed from recombinant protein. So in the process of incorporating acetyl lysine into protein, nicotinamide (NAM), a lysine deacetylase (KDAC) inhibitor, is needed to inhibit the KDAC activity and protect the acetyl group of N^ε-acetyllysine incorporated from removal in vivo. In this study, we knocked out cobB gene from an E. coli strain and used it as host for incorporating of N^ε-AcK into recombinant protein by expanding genetic code. Comparing with the addition of KDAC inhibitor, this is a novel method to protect the acetyl group of N^ε-acetyllysine from deacetylation by using cobB knockout strain. Thus, this method provides a better way for protecting recombinant acetylated protein from deacetylation. By knocking out cobB gene from the strain of E. coli, we successfully produced homogeneous acetylated protein by expanding genetic code with a high effectiveness. This method will also provide a good reference for genetically introducing other varieties of modified amino acids into protein.