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Diagnostics for Lassa Fever: Detecting Host Antibody Responses.

Maria S Salvato1, Igor S Lukashevich2, Sandra Medina-Moreno3

  • 1Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 725 W. Lombard Street, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA. msalvato@ihv.umaryland.edu.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Early diagnosis of Lassa fever is crucial. While current methods detect viral RNA or host responses, a new assay using the ML29 vaccine candidate can detect Lassa-specific antibodies for surveillance.

Keywords:
Antibody responseEarly diagnosisHost-response diagnosticsLassa diagnosisML29 antigenSurveillance

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Diagnostic Development

Background:

  • Lassa fever diagnosis relies on detecting viral components (RNA, proteins) or host responses (antibodies, cytokines).
  • Current diagnostics like quantitative PCR and liver enzyme tests are vital but an urgent need exists for earlier detection methods.
  • Understanding Lassa virus (LASV) infection dynamics necessitates robust diagnostic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review existing diagnostic strategies for Lassa fever.
  • To highlight the critical importance of early Lassa fever diagnosis.
  • To present a novel protocol for detecting Lassa-specific antibodies using an attenuated vaccine candidate.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of current Lassa fever diagnostic techniques, including quantitative PCR and clinical chemistry.
  • Description of a protocol utilizing the attenuated Lassa vaccine candidate ML29 as an antigen.
  • Serological antibody detection methods for Lassa virus.

Main Results:

  • The ML29 vaccine candidate can be employed as an antigen for detecting Lassa-specific antibodies.
  • Antibody detection is a late-stage indicator of Lassa fever infection.
  • This method is valuable for population surveillance and determining sero-prevalence.

Conclusions:

  • Early diagnosis of Lassa fever remains a significant challenge.
  • The developed antibody detection protocol is not suitable for early diagnosis but is effective for Lassa virus sero-prevalence studies.
  • Findings aid in defining treatment strategies and understanding population immunity to Lassa virus.