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Related Concept Videos

The Spinal Cord01:54

The Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord is the body’s major nerve tract of the central nervous system, communicating afferent sensory information from the periphery to the brain and efferent motor information from the brain to the body. The human spinal cord extends from the hole at the base of the skull, or foramen magnum, to the level of the first or second lumbar vertebra.
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Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy01:15

Spinal Cord: Gross Anatomy

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The spinal cord resides within the protective confines of the vertebral column. It is the main pathway for information traveling between the brain and the body. It plays a fundamental role in nearly all bodily functions, from simple reflexes to complex motor movements. The spinal cord begins at the medulla oblongata at the base of the brainstem and extends downward, terminating at the conus medullaris near the first and second lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord's length in adults is...
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Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

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The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.
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Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

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The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...
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Spinal Cord: Information Processing01:10

Spinal Cord: Information Processing

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The spinal cord is an integral hub for motor and sensory information that enables the brain to communicate with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). This communication consists of relaying sensory data and transmission of motor commands.
Sensory Information Processing
Sensory information processing begins at the sensory receptors located in the skin and other tissues, which detect somatic sensory stimuli such as touch, temperature, or pain. These receptors function as catalysts, initiating...
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Spinal Nerves: Anatomy01:23

Spinal Nerves: Anatomy

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Spinal nerves are pivotal conduits in the nervous system, bridging the central nervous system (CNS) with the peripheral nervous system (PNS). These nerves enable a complex communication network between the brain, spinal cord, and the rest of the body, facilitating sensory input, motor output, and autonomic functions.
There are 31 bilateral pairs of spinal nerves, each emerging from the spinal cord through the intervertebral foramina—openings between adjacent vertebrae. These nerves are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Spinal Cord Electrophysiology
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Spinal Cord Electrophysiology

Published on: January 18, 2010

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Spinal cord.

Umberto de Girolami1, Tejus A Bale1

  • 1Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.

Handbook of Clinical Neurology
|October 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers 200 years of spinal cord clinical neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, detailing examination techniques and diseases affecting the spinal cord. It emphasizes vascular diseases and vertebral column conditions impacting the spinal cord.

Keywords:
diseases of the spineinfarctionneuropathologyspinal cordvascular disease

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Anatomy
  • Spinal Cord Medicine

Background:

  • Historical review of spinal cord neuroanatomy and neurophysiology over two centuries.
  • Technical aspects of human spinal cord examination and its relationship with surrounding structures (meninges, vertebrae).

Observation:

  • Comprehensive overview of spinal cord diseases including vascular, vertebral, traumatic, developmental, degenerative, inflammatory, metabolic, and neoplastic conditions.
  • General reactions of spinal cord tissue to disease, such as Wallerian degeneration and axonal reaction.

Findings:

  • In-depth discussion of spinal cord vascular diseases, including normal vascular anatomy.
  • Detailed examination of vertebral column diseases that secondarily affect the spinal cord.

Implications:

  • Enhanced understanding of spinal cord pathologies for improved diagnosis and treatment.
  • Foundation for further research into spinal cord injury and disease mechanisms.