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Prokaryotes are small unicellular organisms that include the domains—Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria include many common organisms, such as Salmonella and E. coli, while the Archaea include extremophiles that live in harsh environments, such as volcanic springs.
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Prokaryotic Cells01:28

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Prokaryotes are small unicellular organisms that include the domains — Archaea and Bacteria. Bacteria include many common microorganisms, such as Salmonella and E. coli, while the Archaea include extremophiles that live in harsh environments, such as volcanic springs.
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Genomic DNA in Prokaryotes00:46

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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
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A Fast and Reliable Pipeline for Bacterial Transcriptome Analysis Case study: Serine-dependent Gene Regulation in Streptococcus pneumoniae
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How prokaryotes 'encode' their environment: Systemic tools for organizing the information flow.

Pedro C Marijuán1, Jorge Navarro1, Raquel Del Moral1

  • 1Bioinformation and Systems Biology Group, Aragon Health Sciences Institute (IACS/ IIS Aragon) 50009, Zaragoza, Spain.

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|October 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cells process environmental information through molecular signaling and gene transcription. This study explores cellular signaling codes and informational architectures in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, revealing evolutionary strategies for complexity.

Keywords:
1-2-3 component systemsCode biologyCoding spectrumEukaryotic signalingInformation flowInformational architecturesProkaryotic signaling

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Area of Science:

  • Cell biology
  • Systems biology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Cells function as open, self-producing systems requiring constant exchange of matter, energy, and information with their environment.
  • Understanding cellular informational relationships is crucial for deciphering biological complexity.
  • Prokaryotic signaling involves diverse environmental signals, component pathways (1-2-3 Component Systems), and second messengers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the molecular apparatuses of prokaryotic signaling systems and their gene transcription dependencies.
  • To investigate the evolution of cellular signaling complexity from prokaryotes to eukaryotes.
  • To propose a new characterization of "informational architectures" for cellular signaling systems.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of prokaryotic signaling pathways and gene transcription regulation.
  • Comparative study of signaling strategies and organization in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
  • Characterization of informational architectures to explain signaling coding spectrum.

Main Results:

  • Evidence for signaling codes related to life-cycle stages, metabolic changes, quorum sensing, and microbial ecosystems.
  • Identification of four key "roots" for the advancement of signaling complexity from prokaryotes to eukaryotes.
  • Proposed "informational architectures" to explain the coding spectrum in both cell types.

Conclusions:

  • Cellular signaling is integral to life, involving complex information processing and environmental interactions.
  • Evolutionary strategies, including intermixing of informational architectures, drive the development of novel cellular codes.
  • Retro-elements with viral ancestry may play a role in constructing new functional codes.