Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

2.0K
Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
2.0K
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

9.0K
The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
9.0K
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

1.1K
Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
1.1K
The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

7.9K
Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
7.9K
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

8.2K
Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...
8.2K
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

7.6K
Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
7.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The MHCII Immune Activation Score predicts risk of recurrence and benefit of taxanes in Basal-like and HER2-enriched breast cancer.

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences·2026
Same author

Synovial sarcoma reprograms transcription by GBAF activation of polycomb targets and loss of CBAF enhancers.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

The fibroblast epigenome underlies SS18::SSX-mediated transformation in synovial sarcoma.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Chromobox 4 (CBX4) Is a Novel Interactor of SS18::SSX in Synovial Sarcoma.

Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology·2025
Same author

Molecular and epigenetic oncogenesis in synovial sarcoma: implications for cancer biology, diagnosis and treatment.

Oncogene·2025
Same author

DNA demethylating agents suppress preclinical models of synovial sarcoma.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
09:15

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Published on: February 24, 2023

4.1K

Emerging targets in cancer immunotherapy.

Samantha Burugu1, Amanda R Dancsok1, Torsten O Nielsen1

  • 1Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia Hospital, Koerner Pavilion, #G-227 2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada.

Seminars in Cancer Biology
|October 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Emerging immunotherapies target novel immune checkpoints beyond CTLA-4 and PD-1/PD-L1. These new strategies aim to activate the patient

Keywords:
CheckpointsImmuno-oncologyMacrophagesNatural killerTumor-infiltrating lymphocytes

More Related Videos

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology
07:04

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology

Published on: May 2, 2025

1.2K
Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
09:04

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

1.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine
09:15

Experimental Melanoma Immunotherapy Model Using Tumor Vaccination with a Hematopoietic Cytokine

Published on: February 24, 2023

4.1K
Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology
07:04

Identifying PD-1/PD-L1 Inhibitors with Surface Plasmon Resonance Technology

Published on: May 2, 2025

1.2K
Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
09:04

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

1.8K

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Cancer Immunotherapy

Background:

  • First-generation immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-CTLA-4, anti-PD-1/PD-L1) harness natural immune pathways for anti-tumor responses.
  • While effective in some advanced cancers, these inhibitors benefit only a subset of patients.
  • Cancers often co-opt immune homeostasis pathways to evade immune detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review emerging immune targets with pre-clinical efficacy that are now in clinical trials.
  • To summarize novel co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory markers of innate and adaptive immunity.
  • To discuss combination strategies and biomarkers for cancer immunotherapy.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pre-clinical data and ongoing clinical investigations of novel immune targets.
  • Categorization of targets based on immune cell type (T lymphocytes, macrophages, NK cells).
  • Discussion of combination therapies and predictive biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • Identified T lymphocyte targets include Lymphocyte Activation Gene 3 (LAG-3), T-cell Immunoglobulin- and Mucin-domain-containing molecule 3 (TIM-3), V-domain containing Ig Suppressor of T cell Activation (VISTA), T cell ImmunoGlobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), B7-H3, Inducible T-cell Co-stimulator (ICOS/ICOS-L), CD27/CD70, and Glucocorticoid-Induced TNF Receptor (GITR).
  • Macrophage targets include CD47/Signal-Regulatory Protein alpha (SIRPα) and Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO).
  • Natural killer cell targets include CD94/NKG2A and the Killer Immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) family.

Conclusions:

  • Newer immunotherapies are exploring a broader range of immune targets to enhance anti-tumor immunity.
  • These emerging targets offer potential for broader patient applicability and improved treatment outcomes.
  • Combination strategies and biomarker identification are crucial for optimizing cancer immunotherapy.