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Alcohol and the Lung.

Ashish J Mehta1, David M Guidot1

  • 1Ashish J. Mehta, M.D., is an Assistant Professor of Medicine in the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, and a Staff Physician at the Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia. David M. Guidot, M.D., is a Professor of Medicine in the Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, and a Staff Physician at the Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia.

Alcohol Research : Current Reviews
|October 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Harmful alcohol use, particularly alcohol use disorder (AUD), compromises lung defenses, leading to increased infection risk and injury. Understanding the "alcoholic lung" phenotype may reveal new therapeutic targets for respiratory complications.

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Toxicology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Alcohol use disorder (AUD) significantly impacts multiple organ systems, with the lungs being particularly vulnerable.
  • AUD is associated with increased susceptibility to respiratory infections and lung injury.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying lung damage in individuals with AUD.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for alcohol-induced lung disease.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on alcohol's effects on respiratory system defenses.
  • Analysis of molecular pathways involved in alcohol-related lung injury.

Main Results:

  • AUD impairs airway host defenses, compromises alveolar epithelial integrity, and causes alveolar macrophage dysfunction, defining the "alcoholic lung" phenotype.
  • Reduced antioxidant levels and specific regulatory molecules contribute to alcohol-induced lung disease.

Conclusions:

  • The "alcoholic lung" phenotype results from a combination of immune and structural lung derangements.
  • Identified regulatory molecules represent potential targets for future therapies aimed at mitigating alcohol's respiratory effects.