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Do Textiles Impact DXA Bone Density or Body Composition Results?

E Siglinsky1, N Binkley1, D Krueger1

  • 1Osteoporosis Clinical Research Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.

Journal of Clinical Densitometry : the Official Journal of the International Society for Clinical Densitometry
|October 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Textiles can significantly alter dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements of bone density and body composition. Even small reflective materials can impact results, so avoid dense or embellished clothing during DXA scans.

Keywords:
ArtifactBMDDXAbody compositiontextiles

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • External artifacts can compromise the accuracy of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements.
  • While metal-free garments are generally assumed safe, limited data exist on textile effects on DXA.
  • Dense or synthetic textiles may absorb radiation, potentially altering DXA results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the hypothesis that specific textiles, particularly dense or synthetic ones like reflective materials, can alter DXA measurements of bone and soft tissue mass.
  • To quantify the impact of various fabrics on DXA readings using standardized phantoms and densitometers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Hologic and GE Lunar spine phantoms and a Bioclinica total body phantom.
  • Scanned phantoms on GE Lunar iDXA and Prodigy densitometers, with each phantom scanned 10 times for baseline means.
  • Placed two layers of diverse natural, synthetic, or embellished fabrics over phantoms and performed 10 additional scans without repositioning.
  • Employed Wilcoxon signed rank tests to compare means between bare and textile-covered phantom scans.

Main Results:

  • Significant differences in DXA measurements were observed, varying by scanner, phantom, and textile type.
  • A polyester fabric with a reflective strip consistently altered measurements, increasing bone mineral density and content, while decreasing fat mass and increasing lean mass (p < 0.01).
  • Other fabrics, including those with metallic thread, wool, denim, and shiny polyester, also affected fat and lean mass measurements (p < 0.05).
  • Cotton denim and sweatshirt material impacted lean mass measurements (p < 0.0003).

Conclusions:

  • Textiles demonstrably affect DXA-measured bone mineral density and body composition.
  • Even minimal reflective material can alter mass measurements significantly, potentially exceeding the least significant change.
  • It is recommended to avoid clothing made of dense textiles (wool, denim), reflective materials, or metallic threads during DXA scanning to ensure accurate results.