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Arrhythmias in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Gaurav Agarwal1, Satish Kumar Singh1
1Department of Medicine, Nalanda Medical College Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India.
Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism
|October 10, 2017
Summary
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) significantly increases arrhythmia risk, with Sinus Tachycardia being most common. Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN) is linked to prolonged QTc intervals in these patients.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Diabetology
Background:
- Chronic hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) leads to long-term cardiac damage, including coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), congestive heart failure (CHF), and sudden cardiac death.
- Arrhythmias are a significant complication of T2DM, contributing to increased morbidity and mortality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the prevalence of various cardiac arrhythmias in patients with T2DM.
- To explore the association between cardiac arrhythmias and Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN) in T2DM patients.
Main Methods:
- A 2-year cross-sectional study involving 100 T2DM patients with cardiac arrhythmias.
- Evaluated patient history, physical examinations, and specific tests for CAN.
- Utilized routine investigations, echocardiography, stress tests, and Holter monitoring.
Main Results:
- Sinus Tachycardia (ST) was the most frequent arrhythmia (32%), followed by Complete Heart Block (CHB) (20%), Sinus Bradycardia (SB) (15%), and Atrial Fibrillation (AF) (15%).
- Ventricular Premature Complexes (VPC) occurred in 10% of patients, while Atrial Premature Complexes (APC) were seen in 3%.
- 62% exhibited prolonged QTc intervals, predominantly in those with CAN; poorly controlled diabetes and comorbidities correlated with higher arrhythmia incidence.
Conclusions:
- T2DM patients exhibit a high prevalence of various arrhythmias, with ST being the most common.
- Cardiac Autonomic Neuropathy (CAN) is associated with prolonged QTc intervals in T2DM patients.
- Most arrhythmias in this cohort responded to standard therapeutic interventions.
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