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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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A Flow Cytometry-Based Cell Surface Protein Binding Assay for Assessing Selectivity and Specificity of an Anticancer Aptamer
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Tumor-targeted costimulation by using bi-specific aptamers.

Fernando Pastor1,2

  • 1Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Recinto de Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona 31008, Spain.

Cancer Cell & Microenvironment
|October 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chemically synthesized aptamers are engineered for cancer immunotherapy. New bispecific aptamers target costimulatory ligands to tumors, enhancing efficacy and reducing side effects in preclinical models.

Keywords:
AptamerCancer ImmunotherapyCostimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology
  • Oligonucleotide Therapeutics

Background:

  • Aptamers are chemically synthesized oligonucleotides with therapeutic potential in cancer immunotherapy.
  • Current therapeutic aptamers are often antagonistic, blocking receptor-ligand interactions.
  • Recent advancements involve modifying aptamers into agonists through multimerization for enhanced immune response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the development of agonistic aptamers for cancer immunotherapy.
  • To address the auto-inflammatory side effects associated with systemic costimulation.
  • To engineer bispecific aptamers for targeted delivery of costimulatory ligands to tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Chemical synthesis of oligonucleotides for aptamer development.
  • Multimerization of aptamers to create agonistic properties.
  • Design and application of bispecific aptamers for targeted tumor delivery.

Main Results:

  • Agonistic aptamers against costimulatory receptors have been developed.
  • Bispecific aptamers targeting costimulatory ligands to tumors show promising preclinical results.
  • These novel aptamers aim to reduce toxicity and improve the therapeutic index.

Conclusions:

  • Engineered aptamers offer a versatile platform for cancer immunotherapy.
  • Bispecific aptamers represent a promising strategy to enhance antitumor immunity while mitigating side effects.
  • Targeted delivery of costimulatory ligands via aptamers holds significant potential for future cancer treatments.