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Related Concept Videos

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

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Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
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Nerve Supply of the GI Tract01:27

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The neuronal supply to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is essential for regulating various functions, including digestion, absorption, and movement of food. This intricate network of nerves is known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the "second brain" of the body.
The enteric nervous system consists of two major plexuses: the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus). These plexuses are located within the layers of...
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Spinal Nerves: Plexus II01:21

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The plexuses of the lower body include the lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal plexuses, which innervate the abdomen, pelvis, legs, and coccygeal region. These plexuses control the transmission of sensory information and coordinate motor functions of the lower body.
The Lumbar Plexus
The lumbar plexus is situated within the lumbar region of the back and is primarily formed by the first four lumbar spinal nerves (L1 to L4). This plexus extends its branches into several nerves, including the...
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Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

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Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
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Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division01:18

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The cranial part of the parasympathetic division plays a crucial role in regulating the visceral functions of the head and specific structures in the neck, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities. Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division exit the brain through cranial nerves III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), and X (vagus), delivering parasympathetic output to the respective visceral structures.
The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) alone accounts for approximately 75...
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Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy01:19

Cranial Nerves: Overview and Anatomy

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The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
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Updated: Feb 21, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache

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Subbasal Nerve Plexus Changes in Chronic Migraine.

Rohit Shetty1, Rashmi Deshmukh, Rushad Shroff

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Narayana Nethralaya Eye Institute, Bangalore, India.

Cornea
|October 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chronic migraine patients with photophobia show reduced corneal nerves. In vivo confocal microscopy revealed significant changes in the corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SBNP), suggesting a role in ocular symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Neurology
  • Microscopy

Background:

  • Migraine is a complex neurological disorder often accompanied by sensory symptoms, including photophobia.
  • Photophobia, a common ophthalmic manifestation of migraine, significantly impacts patient morbidity.
  • The trigeminal nerve pathway, particularly corneal afferents, is hypothesized to be involved in migraine-related photophobia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in the corneal subbasal nerve plexus (SBNP) in individuals with chronic migraine.
  • To compare SBNP characteristics between chronic migraine patients with and without photophobia.
  • To explore the potential of SBNP changes as an imaging marker for ocular symptoms in chronic migraine.

Main Methods:

  • The study included three groups: chronic migraine with photophobia (n=36), chronic migraine without photophobia (n=24), and age/sex-matched controls (n=24).
  • Ophthalmic evaluations and detailed history analyses were conducted for all participants.
  • In vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) with CCMetrics software was employed to quantify SBNP parameters, including nerve fiber length, total branch density, nerve branch density, and fiber area.

Main Results:

  • Patients with chronic migraine and photophobia exhibited a significant reduction in corneal nerve fiber length, total branch density, nerve branch density, and fiber area compared to those without photophobia (P < 0.05).
  • These findings indicate structural changes in the corneal subbasal nerve plexus associated with the presence of photophobia in chronic migraine.

Conclusions:

  • Structural alterations in corneal nerve fibers within the SBNP of migraine patients with photophobia support the trigeminal system's role in migraine's ocular symptoms.
  • Corneal subbasal nerve plexus changes observed via IVCM may serve as a potential imaging biomarker for ocular manifestations of chronic migraine.
  • Further research is warranted to validate SBNP changes as a diagnostic or prognostic marker in chronic migraine patients experiencing photophobia.