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Related Concept Videos

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Three Different Protocols of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus: Conventional, Accelerated and Iontophoresis
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Customized Corneal Cross-linking Using Different UVA Beam Profiles.

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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    The ring tangential map protocol for corneal cross-linking (CXL) showed the greatest reduction in corneal curvature and best visual acuity improvement per unit of ultraviolet-A (UVA) energy. Further research is needed to confirm these findings for customized CXL methods.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Corneal Surgery
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Keratoconus is a progressive eye condition characterized by thinning and bulging of the cornea.
    • Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is a treatment aimed at strengthening the cornea to halt or slow keratoconus progression.
    • Customized CXL methods are being developed to optimize treatment delivery and outcomes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare the efficacy of four different customized corneal cross-linking (CXL) protocols in treating keratoconus.
    • To evaluate the impact of varying ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation patterns on corneal flattening and visual acuity.

    Main Methods:

    • A prospective, longitudinal case series involving 48 keratoconic eyes treated with one of four customized CXL methods: uniform, sector axial map, ring axial map, or ring tangential map.
    • Riboflavin solution was applied after epithelial removal, followed by specific UVA irradiation protocols.
    • Corneal tomography and visual acuity were assessed pre- and post-treatment (6 months).

    Main Results:

    • The ring tangential map protocol demonstrated the lowest average and peak energy density and treated area.
    • All tested CXL methods showed a significant decrease in corneal curvature.
    • The ring tangential map protocol yielded the greatest reduction in corneal curvature and the most significant improvement in uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity per unit of UVA energy delivered.

    Conclusions:

    • The ring tangential map protocol appears to be the most effective customized CXL method for achieving corneal flattening and improving visual acuity when normalized to energy dose.
    • These findings suggest potential for more personalized and efficient CXL treatments.
    • Larger-scale studies are recommended to validate these results from this pilot investigation.