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Teeth01:15

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Tooth damage in captive orcas (Orcinus orca).

John Jett1, Ingrid N Visser2, Jeffrey Ventre3

  • 1Biology Department, Stetson University, 421 N. Woodland Blvd., DeLand, FL, 32723, United States.

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Summary

Captive orca exhibit significant dental damage, including severe tooth wear and fractures, often beginning at a young age. Oral stereotypies are a primary cause of this pathology in captive marine mammals.

Keywords:
Animal welfareDental pathologyKiller whaleOrcinus orcaStereotypiesTeeth

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary dentistry
  • Marine mammal health
  • Animal behavior

Background:

  • Tooth damage is common in captive orca due to oral stereotypies.
  • Limited research exists on the dental pathology of captive orca.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the associations between dental pathology and factors like sex, facility, and duration of captivity in captive orca.
  • To analyze the prevalence and severity of various dental pathologies in a cohort of captive orca.

Main Methods:

  • Dental images of 29 captive orca were analyzed.
  • Teeth were scored for coronal wear, wear at or below the gum line, bore holes, fractures, and missing teeth.
  • Statistical analyses examined differences based on sex, origin (wild-captured vs. captive-born), facility, and duration of captivity.

Main Results:

  • Significant coronal tooth wear was observed in approximately 24% of orca.
  • Over 60% of specific mandibular teeth (2 and 3) showed fractures.
  • Bore holes were prevalent in anterior mandibular teeth, with over 61% of teeth 2 and 3 affected.
  • Four out of five orca with the highest age-adjusted pathology indices were captive-born.

Conclusions:

  • Dental pathologies are widespread in captive orca and initiate early in life.
  • Oral stereotypies are a significant contributing factor to the observed dental damage.
  • Publicly available dental and health records from theme parks can enhance understanding of captive orca dental health.