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What is code biology?

Marcello Barbieri1

  • 1Dipartimento di Morfologia ed Embriologia, Via Fossato di Mortara 64a, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.

Bio Systems
|October 11, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Organic codes, like the genetic code, emerged throughout life's history, driving complexity and major evolutionary shifts. The study of these fundamental, conserved codes is the new field of Code Biology.

Area of Science:

  • Code Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Living systems utilize diverse organic codes that emerged and evolved throughout the history of life.
  • The genetic code and signal processing codes are proposed to have originated from a common ancestor, leading to Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
  • Eukaryotes uniquely continued to develop new codes (splicing, histone, tubulin, etc.), increasing their complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the historical emergence and evolutionary consequences of organic codes.
  • To propose that the origin of new codes represents sudden, significant events in life's history.
  • To highlight the fundamental and conserved nature of organic codes in life's evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Historical analysis of organic code emergence.
Keywords:
Cell organizationCommon ancestorComplexityEukaryotesMacroevolutionOrganic codesProkaryotes

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  • Theoretical consequences of code evolution.
  • Examination of code conservation across evolutionary timescales.

    • Main Results:

    • Organic codes arose during life's history and influenced its trajectory.
    • The emergence of new codes, particularly in eukaryotes, correlates with increased biological complexity.
    • New code origins are geologically sudden events, explaining major discontinuities in life's history.
    • Organic codes are highly conserved, acting as fundamental invariants of life.

    Conclusions:

    • The appearance of new organic codes is a primary driver of evolutionary innovation and complexity.
    • Organic codes are foundational to life and their study (Code Biology) is crucial for understanding life sciences.
    • The conservation of organic codes underscores their essential role throughout billions of years of evolution.