Single thalamic dopaminergic neurons project to both the neocortex and spinal cord

Cells in the rat subparafascicular thalamic nucleus (Spf) belonging to the diencephalic A11 cell group, were immunohistochemically stained with antibodies against tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and dopamine itself. Employing a combination of retrograde fluorescent double-labeling and TH immunofluorescence techniques, we revealed the existence of dopaminergic Spf cells, giving rise to collateral projections to the neocortex and spinal cord.