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Thyroid function in a lizard, a tortoise and a crocodile, compared with mammals.

A J Hulbert1, C A Williams

  • 1Department of Biology, University of Wollongong, Australia.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. A, Comparative Physiology
|January 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary
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Reptile thyroid activity increases with temperature, impacting metabolism. Thyroid hormones significantly affect metabolic rates in warmer conditions, though reptilian thyroid function remains less active than in mammals.

Area of Science:

  • Comparative physiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Herpetology

Background:

  • The thyroid gland plays a crucial role in regulating metabolism in ectotherms.
  • Understanding reptilian thyroid function is key to comprehending their physiological adaptations to varying temperatures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate thyroid activity and its metabolic effects in three reptile species across different temperatures.
  • To compare reptilian thyroid function with that of mammals.

Main Methods:

  • Measuring thyroidal uptake and release of 125I, plasma T3 and T4 concentrations, and resting oxygen consumption in lizards, tortoises, and crocodiles.
  • Performing thyroidectomy and thyroxine injections to assess metabolic responses.
  • Acclimating animals to both cooler (20-22°C) and warmer (30-32°C) environments.

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Main Results:

  • All species exhibited thyroidal 125I uptake, with release (hormone secretion) occurring only at higher temperatures (30-32°C).
  • Thyroidectomy decreased metabolic rate in reptiles acclimated to 30-32°C, while thyroxine injections increased it.
  • Thyroid manipulation had no effect on metabolic rate at 20-22°C in lizards.

Conclusions:

  • Reptilian thyroid activity is temperature-dependent, with significant metabolic influence at higher temperatures.
  • Despite temperature-dependent activity, reptilian thyroid function is generally less active than mammalian thyroid function.