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Updated: Feb 21, 2026
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Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery
Published on: February 20, 2017
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A Study of Cardiac Sounds and Murmurs in Severe Anæmia
1(Formerly Research Fellow to the Lucknow University, Department of Medicine, Lucknow). Medical College, Agra.
The Indian Medical Gazette
|October 11, 2017
Abstract
No abstract available in PubMed .
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Auscultation, an essential part of a heart examination, is done using a stethoscope. It provides crucial information about heart function and possible heart problems. Due to heart problems, abnormal sounds can be heard during systole or diastole. These sounds include S3 and S4 gallops, opening snaps, systolic clicks, and murmurs.
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Gallops:
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Heart sounds are generated by the turbulence in blood flow due to the closing of heart valves. These sounds are best perceived slightly away from the valves, where the blood flow disseminates the sound.
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