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Published on: May 1, 2017
Epigenetic Regulation of Cellular Senescence and Aging
Corinne Sidler1, Olga Kovalchuk1, Igor Kovalchuk1
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB, Canada.
Abstract:
Aging is characterized by functional decline of diverse organs and an increased risk for several diseases. Therefore, a high interest exists in understanding the molecular mechanisms that stimulate aging at all levels, from cells and tissues to organs and organisms, in order to develop ways to promote healthy aging. While many molecular and biochemical mechanisms are already understood in some detail, the role of changes in epigenetic regulation has only begun to be considered in recent years. The age-dependent global reduction in heterochromatin, along with site-specific changes in the patterns of DNA methylation and modification of histones, have been observed in several aging model systems. However, understanding of the precise role of such changes requires further research. In this review, we will discuss the role of epigenetic regulation in aging and indicate future research directions that will help elucidate the mechanistic details of it.
Insights
Epigenetic changes, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, are increasingly recognized as key drivers of aging. Further research is needed to understand these molecular mechanisms and promote healthy aging.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Molecular Biology
- Epigenetics
Background:
- Aging is a complex process involving functional decline across organs and increased disease risk.
- Understanding aging mechanisms is crucial for developing interventions to promote healthy aging.
- Epigenetic regulation's role in aging is an emerging area of research.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of epigenetic regulation in the context of aging.
- To highlight age-dependent epigenetic alterations observed in various model systems.
- To identify future research directions for elucidating the mechanistic details of epigenetics in aging.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes existing literature on epigenetic changes during aging.
- It discusses observed alterations in heterochromatin, DNA methylation, and histone modifications.
- The review focuses on findings from diverse aging model systems.
Main Results:
- Age-dependent global heterochromatin reduction is a common observation.
- Site-specific changes in DNA methylation patterns occur with aging.
- Histone modification patterns also exhibit age-related alterations.
Conclusions:
- Epigenetic modifications play a significant role in the aging process.
- Further research is essential to fully understand the precise contribution of these epigenetic changes.
- Elucidating these mechanisms could lead to strategies for promoting healthy aging.
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