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An interesting 1,4,2,5-dioxadiazine-furazan system: structural modification by incorporating versatile
Qiong Yu1, Guangbin Cheng, Xuehai Ju
1School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Xiaolingwei 200, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China. hyang@mail.njust.edu.cn.
Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|October 12, 2017
Summary
New energetic materials combining 1,4,2,5-dioxadiazine and furazan rings were synthesized. Layered structures improved thermal stability and reduced sensitivity, showing promise for energetic applications.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Organic Chemistry
- Energetic Materials
Background:
- The 1,4,2,5-dioxadiazine ring system is a scaffold for novel energetic materials.
- Furazan rings are known for their high nitrogen content and energetic properties.
- Combining these heterocycles offers opportunities for tuning material performance.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize and characterize novel energetic compounds based on the 1,4,2,5-dioxadiazine-furazan framework.
- To investigate the effect of N-trinitroethylamino functionalization and energetic salt formation.
- To evaluate the thermal stability, sensitivity, and detonation properties of the synthesized compounds.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of N-trinitroethylamino derivatives and energetic salts.
- Characterization using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis.
- Structural confirmation via single-crystal X-ray diffraction for key compounds.
- Measurement of thermal stability, impact sensitivity (IS), and friction sensitivity (FS).
- Calculation of detonation velocity and pressure based on density and heat of formation.
Main Results:
- Twelve compounds were synthesized and characterized, exhibiting moderate to good thermal stabilities (88-177 °C).
- The compounds showed acceptable sensitivities to impact and friction.
- Calculated detonation velocities ranged from 8519-9563 m s⁻¹, and pressures from 29.3-43.3 GPa.
- Compounds 1 (N-trinitroethylamino derivative) and 5 (ammonium salt) exhibited layered assembly structures.
- These layered compounds demonstrated enhanced thermal stability (154 °C and 177 °C) and lower sensitivities (16.3 J and 13.4 J).
Conclusions:
- The incorporation of the 1,4,2,5-dioxadiazine ring with furazan moieties yields promising energetic materials.
- N-trinitroethylamino functionalization and salt formation are viable strategies for creating new energetic compounds.
- A layered assembly structure significantly enhances thermal stability and reduces sensitivity, indicating a promising design principle for safer energetic materials.
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