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Dynamic Structuration of Physical Chitosan Hydrogels.

Nicolas Sereni1, Alin Enache2, Guillaume Sudre1

  • 1Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , CNRS UMR 5223 Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères IMP@Lyon1, 15 bd Latarjet, 69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
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Summary

This study reveals structural gradients in thick chitosan hydrogels, showing evolving microstructures from surface to bulk. Processing parameters significantly impact morphology, influencing pore size and orientation within the gel.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Chitosan hydrogels are versatile biomaterials with applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering.
  • Understanding their microstructure is crucial for tailoring properties and performance.
  • Previous studies often focused on thin gels, limiting insights into thick gel formation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the microstructure and structural gradients in thick physical chitosan hydrogels.
  • To correlate processing parameters (chitosan concentration, molar mass, coagulation agent concentration) with hydrogel morphology.
  • To elucidate the formation mechanisms of different microstructural zones within the hydrogel.

Main Methods:

  • Formation of physical chitosan hydrogels via neutralization.
  • Characterization of hydrogel microstructure using small-angle light scattering (SALS).
  • In-situ visualization of morphology with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).

Main Results:

  • Identified three distinct structural zones (I, II, III) with evolving microstructures from surface to bulk.
  • Zone I: Hard, entangled layer formed under fast neutralization.
  • Zone II: Characterized by large, parallel-oriented pores or capillaries (∼10 μm).
  • Zone III: Finer, oriented microstructure (<2-3 μm) with increasing pore size deeper into the gel.
  • Demonstrated continuous structural evolution and heterogeneity within the bulk morphology.

Conclusions:

  • Coagulation kinetics during neutralization significantly influence chitosan hydrogel morphology.
  • Processing parameters dictate the formation of specific microstructural zones and gradients.
  • These findings provide a basis for controlling the structure and properties of thick chitosan hydrogels.