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Related Concept Videos

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction01:21

Barrett Esophagus-I: Introduction

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Barrett's esophagus is a medical condition where the esophageal mucosa is significantly damaged by stomach acid or other digestive fluids, often due to long-term exposure associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). In GERD, a weakened or abnormally relaxed lower esophageal sphincter allows stomach acid to flow persistently into the esophagus.
This constant acid exposure transforms the esophagus's pink mucosal lining (stratified squamous epithelium) into a type of lining more...
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Stratified Epithelium01:29

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Stratified epithelium consists of several stacked layers of cells. They provide the durability to withstand constant physical and chemical attacks. Stratified epithelium is named after the shape of the most apical layer of cells. Stratified squamous epithelium is the most common type found in the human body. In this tissue, the apical cells are squamous, whereas the basal layer contains either columnar or cuboidal cells. The basal cells divide to form new daughter cells, which gradually become...
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Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

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Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure...
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Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

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The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
Within parietal cells, carbonic acid is first formed through the reaction of water and carbon dioxide. The dissociation of carbonic acid releases bicarbonate and hydrogen ions. The bicarbonate...
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Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Simple Epithelium01:30

Classification of Epithelial Tissues: Simple Epithelium

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Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells that lines body cavities and blood vessels. The shape of the cells in the epithelium reflects the function of the tissue. Cells in simple squamous epithelium appear as thin scales with flat, elliptical nuclei that mirror the form of the cell.
Because of the thinness of the cells, simple squamous epithelium is present where the rapid passage of chemical compounds is observed. For example, the endothelium that lines the capillaries and vessels...
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An Immunofluorescent Method for Characterization of Barrett&#8217;s Esophagus Cells
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Transitional basal cells at the squamous-columnar junction generate Barrett's oesophagus.

Ming Jiang1, Haiyan Li1, Yongchun Zhang1

  • 1Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA.

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|October 12, 2017
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Summary

Researchers identified a new progenitor cell population in the upper gastrointestinal tract. These basal cells (p63+KRT5+KRT7+) are the origin of Barrett's esophagus metaplasia.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Epithelial Biology

Background:

  • Transitional zones between epithelia are prone to metaplasia and cancer.
  • The cellular origins of Barrett's esophagus, a metaplastic change at the gastro-oesophageal junction, remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify the cell of origin for metaplasia in the gastro-oesophageal junction.
  • To investigate the role of basal progenitor cells in the development of Barrett's esophagus.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized mouse models and lineage tracing strategies.
  • Examined the role of specific basal progenitor cells (p63+KRT5+KRT7+) at the squamous-columnar junction.
  • Investigated the effect of CDX2 expression on progenitor cell differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Identified a novel transitional columnar epithelium with distinct basal progenitor cells (p63+KRT5+KRT7+) at the upper gastrointestinal tract's squamous-columnar junction.
  • Demonstrated that these basal progenitors give rise to the transitional epithelium.
  • Showed that ectopic CDX2 expression induces differentiation into intestinal-like epithelium, mimicking Barrett's metaplasia.
  • Observed similar transitional epithelium in other mouse tissues and the human gastro-oesophageal junction.
  • Found expansion of these transitional basal progenitors in acid reflux-induced esophagitis and multilayered epithelium.

Conclusions:

  • A previously unrecognized transitional zone and its basal progenitor cells (p63+KRT5+KRT7+) have been identified in the upper gastrointestinal tract.
  • These basal cells are the source of progenitor cells for transitional epithelium and are the cells of origin for multilayered epithelium and Barrett's esophagus.