Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model
03:45

Investigating the Pathogenesis of MYH7 Mutation Gly823Glu in Familial Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy using a Mouse Model

Published on: August 8, 2022

4.3K

Women with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy have worse survival

Jeffrey B Geske1, Kevin C Ong1, Konstantinos C Siontis2

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. S.W., Rochester, MN 55905, USA.

European Heart Journal
|October 12, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Women with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) present with more severe symptoms and poorer outcomes. Female sex is linked to worse survival in HCM patients, suggesting a need for tailored management strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Genetics
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Sex differences in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) are not well understood.
  • Characterizing these differences is crucial for effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and define sex-based disparities in the clinical presentation, hemodynamics, and survival of patients with HCM.
  • To determine if female sex is an independent predictor of mortality in HCM.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 3,673 adult HCM patients evaluated between 1975 and 2012.
  • Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazard regression were used to assess sex differences and mortality.
  • Clinical data, including symptoms, obstructive physiology, mitral regurgitation, echocardiographic parameters, exercise performance, and interventions, were compared between sexes.

Main Results:

  • Women were older at presentation, with more severe symptoms (NYHA Class III-IV), increased obstructive physiology, and greater mitral regurgitation.
  • Female patients exhibited worse hemodynamic profiles, including higher E/e' ratios and pulmonary artery systolic pressures, and poorer cardiopulmonary exercise performance.
  • Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed significantly lower survival rates in women compared to men (P < 0.0001).
  • Multivariable analysis confirmed female sex as an independent predictor of mortality (HR 1.13 [1.03-1.22], P = 0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Women with HCM present with more advanced disease and distinct hemodynamic characteristics compared to men.
  • Female sex is a significant determinant of worse survival in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
  • These findings underscore the need for sex-specific diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in HCM management.
Abstract

Keywords:
FemaleGenderHypertrophic cardiomyopathyMaleSex

More Related Videos

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix10:21

Scanning Electron Microscopy of Macerated Tissue to Visualize the Extracellular Matrix

Published on: June 14, 2016

10.7K
An Approach to Study Shape-Dependent Transcriptomics at a Single Cell Level06:02

An Approach to Study Shape-Dependent Transcriptomics at a Single Cell Level

Published on: November 2, 2020

6.2K

Related Concept Videos

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
545
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
501
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
1.1K
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
622
Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification01:25

Cardiomyopathy I: Introduction and Classification

Cardiomyopathy, or CMP, is a group of diseases affecting the myocardial structure, impairing its ability to pump blood effectively. This condition can lead to arrhythmias, heart failure, or sudden cardiac death.Cardiomyopathies are classified into primary and secondary categories:Primary Cardiomyopathy refers to conditions involving only the heart muscle that are often idiopathic (of unknown cause) or genetic. They primarily affect the myocardium without the involvement of other systemic...
654
Cardiomyopathy VI: Nursing Management01:29

Cardiomyopathy VI: Nursing Management

Assessment: Nursing management of patients with cardiomyopathy begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's history, including a family history of cardiomyopathy or sudden cardiac death, personal history of heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and any alcohol consumption or drug use.During the physical examination, assess vital signs, look for signs of heart failure (such as edema, jugular venous distention, and cyanosis), auscultate for abnormal heart sounds (like murmurs and gallops),...
379