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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Allergic Rhinitis Research with Multicolor Immunofluorescence
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Chapter 14: Nonallergic rhinitis.

Russell A Settipane, Michael A Kaliner

    American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy
    |October 13, 2017
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    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Nonallergic rhinitis (NAR) affects millions, presenting nasal symptoms without allergic triggers. Diagnosis is clinical, requiring individualized, often empiric, treatment approaches for this diverse condition.

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    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Allergy and Immunology
    • Rhinology

    Background:

    • Rhinitis involves nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, sneezing, or itching.
    • Nonallergic rhinitis encompasses diverse conditions not mediated by IgE.
    • Nonallergic rhinitis subtypes include NARES, atrophic, drug-induced, and nonallergic rhinopathy (NAR).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the classification, prevalence, diagnosis, and management of nonallergic rhinitis.
    • To highlight nonallergic rhinopathy (NAR) as the most common subtype.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical diagnosis based on detailed history and physical examination.
    • Exclusion of infectious rhinitis and systemic diseases.
    • Diagnostic criteria for nonallergic rhinitis require negative skin or in vitro testing for aeroallergens.

    Main Results:

    • Nonallergic rhinitis affects approximately 7% of the U.S. population.
    • NAR constitutes at least two-thirds of nonallergic rhinitis cases.
    • Triggers like odors or environmental changes are common but not always present.

    Conclusions:

    • Nonallergic rhinitis is a clinical diagnosis.
    • Treatment requires individualization based on patient pathophysiology and symptoms.
    • Management is often empiric due to the heterogeneous nature of the condition.