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The link between rhinitis and rapid-eye-movement sleep breathing disturbances in children with obstructive sleep

Shehlanoor Huseni, Maria J Gutierrez, Carlos E Rodriguez-Martinez

    American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy
    |October 13, 2017
    PubMed

    Insights

    Rhinitis is common in children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). While overall OSA severity isn't affected, rhinitis is linked to more breathing issues during REM sleep in children with moderate-to-severe OSA.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
    • Otolaryngology
    • Respiratory Physiology

    Background:

    • Rhinitis and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) frequently co-occur in children.
    • Nasal congestion during rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep suggests a potential link between rhinitis and breathing abnormalities.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the association between rhinitis and OSA severity in children.
    • To analyze polysomnogram (PSG) features, specifically obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (OAHI) during REM and non-REM sleep, in children with and without rhinitis.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective cross-sectional analysis of 145 children diagnosed with OSA via PSG.
    • Comparison of OAHI during REM and non-REM sleep between children with and without rhinitis.
    • Multivariable linear models to assess the joint effects of rhinitis and OSA parameters, controlling for confounders.

    Main Results:

    • Rhinitis was identified in 43% of the pediatric OSA cohort.
    • Overall OAHI severity was not significantly different between children with and without rhinitis.
    • Children with moderate-to-severe OSA and rhinitis exhibited significantly higher OAHI during REM sleep compared to those with OSA alone.

    Conclusions:

    • Rhinitis is highly prevalent in children with OSA.
    • Children with rhinitis and OSA present a distinct phenotype with increased REM-related breathing abnormalities, not overall OSA severity.
    • Further investigation is warranted to understand the interplay between REM sleep, nasal physiology, and rhinitis in pediatric OSA.
    Abstract

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