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Related Concept Videos

Hydrostatic Pressure Force on a Curved Surface01:04

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Hydrostatic pressure on curved surfaces is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics with broad applications in the civil engineering field. When fluid is in contact with a curved surface, as in a reservoir, dam, or storage tank, it exerts pressure that varies in magnitude and direction along the curved surface. To assess the total hydrostatic force exerted by the fluid on a curved structure, engineers typically isolate the fluid volume adjacent to the surface and analyze the forces acting on...
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The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Surface Tension and Surface Energy01:16

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When a paint brush is immersed in water, the bristles wave freely inside the water. When it is taken out, the bristles stick together. The reason behind this effect is surface tension.
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During leveling, the Earth's curvature and atmospheric refraction introduce deviations in the line of sight from a true horizontal reference. When the line of sight is leveled, it remains perpendicular to the plumb line only at a single point. Beyond this, it deviates due to the Earth’s curvature, represented by the correction C. For a sight distance D, the deviation can be derived using the relationship:This relationship shows that the deviation increases quadratically with distance. Over a...
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Surface tension is a fundamental property of fluids, occurring at the boundary between a liquid and a gas or between two immiscible liquids. This phenomenon arises from the cohesive forces between molecules at the fluid's surface, creating an effect similar to a stretched elastic membrane. Inside each fluid, molecules are equally attracted in all directions by neighboring molecules, but surface molecules experience a net inward force, resulting in surface tension.
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Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Characterization of Surface Modifications by White Light Interferometry: Applications in Ion Sputtering, Laser Ablation, and Tribology Experiments
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Suction effects in cratered surfaces.

Shutao Qiao1, Liu Wang1, Hyoyoung Jeong2

  • 1Center for Mechanics of Solids, Structures and Materials, Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|October 13, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cratered surfaces enhance adhesion through suction, a phenomenon now modeled using large elastic deformation. This framework optimizes crater geometry and material properties for maximum suction force, particularly for biomedical applications.

Keywords:
cratered surfacescratersreusable adhesivessuctionsurface engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Surface science and adhesion
  • Mechanics of materials
  • Biomaterials engineering

Background:

  • Cratered surfaces exhibit superior adhesion compared to flat surfaces.
  • The suction effect, a key contributor to this enhanced adhesion, lacks comprehensive modeling.
  • Understanding crater mechanics is crucial for developing advanced adhesive technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a framework for quantifying suction effects in isolated and cratered surfaces.
  • To investigate the influence of large elastic deformation on adhesion.
  • To identify optimal parameters for maximizing suction force in various crater geometries and materials.

Main Methods:

  • Integration of experimental, numerical simulation, and analytical approaches.
  • Focus on large elastic deformation, neglecting airflow dynamics, surface tension, and air permeation.
  • Validation using experimental data for hemispherical craters.

Main Results:

  • A validated modeling framework for suction effects in craters.
  • Identification of stiff polymers with deep craters as optimal for high suction forces.
  • Demonstration that reinforced soft materials can achieve significant suction for biomedical applications.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model accurately quantifies suction effects in cratered surfaces.
  • Optimal crater design involves deep craters in stiff polymers or reinforced soft materials.
  • Potential instabilities in high-performance reinforced craters may limit practical applications.