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Varicella-Zoster Virus Expresses Multiple Small Noncoding RNAs.

Amos Markus1, Linoy Golani1, Nishant Kumar Ojha1

  • 1Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel.

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|October 13, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) encodes small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs), including microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate viral infections. These VZV-encoded sncRNAs may offer new targets for antiviral therapies against herpes zoster.

Keywords:
microRNAnoncoding RNAvaricella-zoster virus

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Herpesviruses commonly express small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) that regulate viral infections.
  • Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), also known as human herpesvirus 3 (HHV-3), was previously reported to lack sncRNAs.
  • Herpes zoster, caused by VZV reactivation, is a significant health concern for aging and immunocompromised individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize VZV-encoded small noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs).
  • To investigate the potential role of VZV sncRNAs in regulating viral replication.
  • To explore VZV sncRNAs as potential targets for novel antiviral therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Next-generation sequencing (NGS) was employed to analyze small RNAs in VZV-infected fibroblasts and neurons.
  • Bioinformatic analyses were performed to identify VZV-encoded RNAs, including potential miRNAs.
  • TaqMan quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to validate the expression of identified sncRNAs and assess their functional impact.

Main Results:

  • Over 20 VZV-encoded 20- to 24-nucleotide RNAs were identified, with some predicted to be miRNAs.
  • A specific miRNA candidate, located in VZV repeat regions, was detected in productively infected cells and neurons.
  • Antagonism of this miRNA candidate significantly increased VZV plaque growth rates, indicating a regulatory role in viral replication.

Conclusions:

  • VZV encodes multiple sncRNAs and miRNAs, similar to other human herpesviruses.
  • At least one VZV sncRNA is expressed during productive infection and appears to reduce viral replication.
  • The identified VZV sncRNAs represent a novel class of molecules that could be targeted for antiviral drug development.