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The training type influence on male elite athletes' ventilatory function.

Tijana Durmic1, Biljana Lazovic Popovic2,3, Mirjana Zlatkovic Svenda3,4

  • 1Institute of Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine
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PubMed
Summary

Elite endurance athletes exhibit significantly higher vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) compared to power athletes and sedentary individuals. This highlights adaptive respiratory changes in endurance training.

Keywords:
elite athleteslung volumesspirometry

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Area of Science:

  • Sports Medicine
  • Pulmonary Physiology
  • Exercise Science

Background:

  • Elite athletes undergo distinct physiological adaptations based on training type.
  • Understanding respiratory function differences between endurance and power athletes is crucial for performance optimization and health monitoring.
  • Sedentary individuals serve as a baseline for comparison.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare ventilatory volumes and capacities in elite endurance athletes, power athletes, and sedentary controls.
  • To assess differences in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), peak expirium flow (PEF), maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), forced vital capacity (FVC), vital capacity (VC), and FEV1/VC ratio.
  • To investigate the impact of training modality on respiratory parameters.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 470 male elite athletes (270 endurance, 200 power) and 100 sedentary controls.
  • Spirometric measurements included VC, FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC ratio, PEF, and MVV.
  • Subjects were also analyzed based on Body Mass Index (BMI) and Body Fat percentage (BF%).

Main Results:

  • Endurance athletes had significantly lower BMI and BF% compared to power athletes and controls (p<0.05).
  • Vital capacity (VC), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) were significantly higher in the endurance group (p<0.05).
  • No significant differences were observed in the FEV1/FVC ratio across the groups.

Conclusions:

  • Continued endurance training induces adaptive changes in key spirometric parameters (VC, FVC, FEV1).
  • Different sports require specific considerations for respiratory pattern development.
  • Further research is needed to fully evaluate these sport-specific respiratory adaptations.