No association between periodontitis and preterm low birth weight: a case-control study

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Periodontology
• Public Health

Background:

• Periodontitis, a common oral infection, has been investigated for its potential links to adverse pregnancy outcomes.
• Preterm birth and low birth weight are significant global health concerns with multifactorial causes.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between maternal periodontitis and adverse pregnancy outcomes, specifically preterm low birth weight infants.
• To control for potential confounding risk factors in this association.

Main Methods:

• A case-control study adhering to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement.
• Inclusion of pregnant women aged 21–34 years, with gestational age between 28–32 weeks, excluding those with specific comorbidities.
• Collection of anthropometric, demographic, behavioral data, and periodontal parameters (clinical attachment level, probing pocket depth, plaque index, gingival bleeding index).

Main Results:

• No significant differences in periodontal clinical parameters were observed between the case group (mothers of preterm/low birth weight infants) and the control group (mothers of full-term/normal birth weight infants).
• Logistic regression analysis indicated no association between periodontal clinical parameters and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Maternal periodontal disease is not identified as a risk factor for preterm low birth weight infants after controlling for confounding variables.
• Further research may be warranted to explore other potential contributors to adverse pregnancy outcomes.