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Mutations in Microorganisms

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Mutations are heritable changes in an organism’s genome involving alterations in the base sequence of DNA or RNA. These changes can influence cellular processes and phenotypic traits, potentially transforming the unaltered wild type into a mutant form. Such changes, termed forward mutations, are pivotal in shaping the genetic diversity of organisms.RNA viruses exhibit the highest mutation rates due to the absence of robust proofreading mechanisms during genome replication. In contrast,...
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Microbes in Food Production01:29

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Microbial fermentation is central to food biotechnology, enhancing flavor, texture, preservation, and stability. Fermentative microorganisms metabolize carbohydrates into organic acids, alcohols, and other metabolites that inhibit spoilage organisms and improve digestibility while contributing distinctive sensory qualities.In baking, amylases naturally present in flour hydrolyze starch into monosaccharides such as glucose, which Saccharomyces cerevisiae ferments anaerobically. Through...
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Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and molds are instrumental in fermenting plant-based foods to enhance preservation and ensure year-round availability. These microbial processes convert plant carbohydrates into organic acids and other metabolites that inhibit spoilage organisms and contribute to the sensory qualities of the final product.In sauerkraut production, cabbage goes through a microbial succession that starts with cocci such as Leuconostoc mesenteroides. These microbes begin fermentation by...
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Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

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Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
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Development of Human Microbiota01:30

Development of Human Microbiota

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 1, 2026

Visual and Microscopic Evaluation of Streptomyces Developmental Mutants
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Erratum: Strains, functions and dynamics in the expanded Human Microbiome Project.

Jason Lloyd-Price, Anup Mahurkar, Gholamali Rahnavard

    Nature
    |October 13, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study corrects a previously published article DOI. The correction ensures accurate citation and referencing for scientific research integrity.

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    Area of Science:

    • Scientific Publishing
    • Scholarly Communication

    Background:

    • Accurate citation is crucial for scientific integrity.
    • Maintaining a correct record of scientific literature is essential.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To correct an error in the article's Digital Object Identifier (DOI).
    • To ensure proper attribution and discoverability of the scientific work.

    Main Methods:

    • Administrative correction of the article's metadata.
    • Updating the DOI record in relevant databases.

    Main Results:

    • The article DOI has been corrected to 10.1038/nature23889.
    • Ensured accurate linking to the original publication.

    Conclusions:

    • This correction upholds the standards of scholarly publishing.
    • Facilitates correct referencing and avoids misattribution in future research.