Evaluation of collagen foam, poly(l-lactic acid) nanofiber mesh, and decellularized matrices for corneal regeneration

Corneal tissue engineering efforts to obtain corneal tissue matrices through various types of materials for the replacement of damaged tissues. In this study, three different corneal constructs were prepared and evaluated in terms of morphological, optical, and biological characteristics. Type-I collagen was used to obtain collagen foam scaffolds through dehydrothermal crosslinking, while poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) was used to produce both random and aligned oriented electrospun corneal constructs. Bovine corneas were decellularized as third matrix. Software analyses showed that average pore size of collagen scaffolds was 88.207 ± 29.7 µm, while the average fiber diameter of aligned and random PLLA scaffolds were 0.69 ± 0.03 and 0.65 ± 0.03 μm, respectively. Degradation profiles revealed that collagen foam exhibits high degradation (20% mass loss) while electrospun PLLA scaffolds hold low degradation (9% mass loss) rates at day-28. Transmittance values of the obtained scaffolds were calculated as 92, 80, and 70% for collagen, PLLA, and decellularized cornea constructs, respectively. The evaluation of stromal keratocyte behavior on the constructs revealed that the cells exhibited their own morphology mostly on the aligned PLLA constructs, while they were mostly active on random PLLA electrospun corneal scaffolds. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2157-2168, 2018.