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Area of Science:

  • Computational fluid dynamics
  • Rarefied gas dynamics
  • Non-equilibrium thermodynamics

Background:

  • Classical Navier-Stokes-Fourier (NSF) equations fail to accurately describe momentum and heat transport in rarefied gas flows.
  • A more advanced Nonlinear Coupled Constitutive Model (NCCM), derived from the Boltzmann equation, is needed for accurate modeling.
  • Existing models struggle with the highly nonlinear transport equations characteristic of thermal non-equilibrium.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a unified numerical framework capable of modeling both continuum and rarefied gas flows.
  • To implement and validate the Nonlinear Coupled Constitutive Model (NCCM) for complex flow scenarios.
  • To address the challenges posed by highly nonlinear transport equations in non-equilibrium conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a unified numerical framework for 2D and 3D gas flow simulations.
  • Implementation of the Nonlinear Coupled Constitutive Model (NCCM) derived from the Boltzmann equation.
  • Application and validation of the framework to hypersonic flows around cylinders, spheres, and the Apollo configuration.

Main Results:

  • The unified framework using NCCM demonstrated superior agreement with benchmark and experimental data for rarefied gas flows compared to NSF.
  • For continuum flow cases, results from the NCCM framework closely matched those obtained using NSF.
  • The developed framework successfully handled complex, highly nonlinear transport equations arising from thermal non-equilibrium.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully established a unified numerical framework for modeling continuum and rarefied gas flows.
  • The Nonlinear Coupled Constitutive Model (NCCM) provides a more accurate approach for rarefied gas dynamics than traditional methods.
  • This unified framework offers a robust tool for simulating a wide range of gas flow regimes.