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Inflammatory cell death in intestinal pathologies.

Deepika Sharma1, Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti1

  • 1Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA.

Immunological Reviews
|October 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
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Cell death in the gut is crucial for tissue renewal and pathogen defense, but dysregulated pathways like pyroptosis and necroptosis can drive inflammation and cancer. Understanding these processes is key for developing new intestinal therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The intestinal tract requires constant immune surveillance to balance pathogen defense and tolerance to commensals.
  • Intestinal epithelial cells undergo rapid self-renewal via cell death and division, essential for tissue homeostasis.
  • Cell death mechanisms are critical for removing damaged, infected, or cancerous cells and can influence inflammatory responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diverse forms of cell death in the intestinal tract.
  • To emphasize the roles of lytic cell death pathways, specifically pyroptosis and necroptosis.
  • To explore the implications of these cell death pathways in gut inflammation and cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on cell death mechanisms in the intestinal context.
Keywords:
cell deathcolitiscolorectal cancernecroptosispyroptosis

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis of the immunological consequences of distinct cell death modalities.
  • Discussion of the involvement of cell death regulators in immune signaling.

    • Main Results:

    • Cell death pathways are integral to intestinal homeostasis, immunity, and disease.
    • Pyroptosis and necroptosis are key lytic cell death pathways with significant roles in gut pathologies.
    • Dysregulation of cell death can lead to detrimental immune responses and contribute to inflammation and cancer development.

    Conclusions:

    • The manner of cell death significantly impacts immunological outcomes in the gut.
    • Targeting specific cell death pathways, such as pyroptosis and necroptosis, offers potential therapeutic strategies for intestinal diseases.
    • Further understanding of cell death intricacies is vital for advancing treatments for gut inflammation and cancer.