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Can phage therapy solve the problem of recalcitrant chronic rhinosinusitis?
Joanna Szaleniec1, Andrzej Górski2,3, Maciej Szaleniec4
1Department of Otolaryngology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Sniadeckich 2, 31-531 Krakow, Poland.
Abstract:
Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects 5-15% of the global population. In some patients, the infectious exacerbations of the disease are recalcitrant to medical treatment and surgery. These cases are probably associated with the presence of bacterial biofilms. Bacteriophage (phage) therapy seems to be a promising antibiofilm strategy. The efficacy of phage therapy in sinonasal infections has been demonstrated both in vitro and in animal models. In the past, phage preparations were also administered to humans with CRS with favorable outcomes and no significant side effects. Very recently, the safety and efficacy of phage therapy in otolaryngological infections has been demonstrated in pioneer Phase I/II clinical trials. This review addresses the potential of phage therapy to treat CRS. We also discuss issues that require further research.
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Chronic Pharyngitis
Etiology
It often arises from persistent viral or bacterial infections affecting sinuses and tonsils.
Additional contributing factors include inadequate dental hygiene, mouth breathing, recurring tonsillitis, allergic rhinitis, laryngopharyngeal reflux, and exposure to smoke, chemicals, and other environmental pollutants. Allergic reactions to pollen, mold, and pet dander, chronic cough, excessive voice usage,...
Acute Pharyngitis
Acute pharyngitis is the inflammation of the back of the throat (pharynx), commonly resulting in a sore throat. It is a frequently encountered condition that prompts individuals to seek medical advice.
Classification
Acute pharyngitis can be categorized based on its underlying cause:
Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages
Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway
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For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include: