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Oral Lichen Planus.

Daniela I Ion¹, Jane F Setterfield

¹Guy's and St Thomas NHS Foundation Trust, Dental Institute, King's College London, UK.

Primary Dental Journal

|October 15, 2017

Summary

Lichen planus (LP) is a common autoimmune disease affecting skin and mucous membranes. This review focuses on oral lichen planus (OLP) clinical presentation and management, noting its chronic nature and rare malignancy risk.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Dermatology
Oral Medicine

Background:

Lichen planus (LP) is a prevalent autoimmune T-cell-mediated disease of unknown cause.
It affects skin, nails, and mucous membranes, with a peak incidence in adults aged 30-60 and a 2:1 female predominance.
Mucosal LP, particularly oral lichen planus (OLP), is typically chronic and rarely remits spontaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the clinical presentation of oral lichen planus (OLP).
To discuss the management strategies for OLP.
To highlight important differential diagnoses and the low risk of malignancy associated with OLP.

Main Methods:

Literature review focusing on clinical presentation and management of OLP.
Analysis of epidemiological data regarding LP prevalence and incidence.

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Discussion of diagnostic considerations, including drug-induced and allergic reactions.

Main Results:

OLP is a chronic condition that may worsen over time.
Cutaneous LP can have varied severity, with specific sites like palms, soles, scalp, and vulva prone to complications.
Distinguishing OLP from lichenoid reactions and discoid lupus erythematosus is crucial; a small malignancy risk exists, necessitating dental monitoring.

Conclusions:

Oral lichen planus requires careful clinical evaluation and long-term management.
Awareness of potential triggers and differential diagnoses is essential for appropriate patient care.
Regular dental monitoring is recommended for patients with OLP due to a minimal risk of malignant transformation.