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Related Experiment Videos

On universal coding events in protein biogenesis.

Vladimir Kubyshkin1, Carlos G Acevedo-Rocha2, Nediljko Budisa1

  • 1Berlin Institute of Technology/TU Berlin, Department of Chemistry, Biocatalysis Group, Müller-Breslau-Straße 10, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.

Bio Systems
|October 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
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The universal genetic code and protein synthesis are conserved across life due to horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Understanding these codes aids in engineering ribosomal machinery for synthetic biology.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The ribosomal protein synthesis cycle and codon-amino acid associations are fundamental and conserved across all life.
  • This process involves hierarchical recognition events, including aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRS), tRNA acceptor units (operational RNA code), and mRNA codon-anticodon pairing (triplet code).
  • Additional codes, such as the 'charge code' and 'folding code,' also influence protein biosynthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the invariant nature of coding events in biological systems.
  • To investigate the role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in preserving the universal genetic code.
  • To understand how deviations in coding occur when HGT is prevented.

Main Methods:

  • The study is primarily theoretical, analyzing existing biological principles and literature.
Keywords:
BiocontainmentCode biologyEngineering and expansionGenetic isolationHorizontal gene transferMinimal genomeOperational RNA codeProtein foldingRibosomal translationSynthetic biologyXenobiologytRNA

Related Experiment Videos

  • It examines the interplay between different coding systems (operational RNA, triplet, charge, folding codes).
  • It considers the impact of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) on the conservation of these codes.

    • Main Results:

    • The universal genetic code and protein synthesis machinery are maintained across taxa primarily through horizontal gene transfer (HGT).
    • Deviations in coding events become apparent when HGT is interrupted.
    • Multiple coding events are necessary for the fidelity and complexity of protein biosynthesis.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the mechanisms of code conservation, particularly in relation to HGT, is crucial for advancing synthetic biology.
    • This knowledge can guide experimental engineering of ribosomal protein biosynthesis machinery.
    • It has implications for creating synthetic life forms using minimal genomes.