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Related Experiment Videos

Where and what TMS activates: Experiments and modeling.

Ilkka Laakso1, Takenobu Murakami2, Akimasa Hirata3

  • 1Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.

Brain Stimulation
|October 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
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This study precisely maps transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) activation sites in the motor cortex. Combining TMS with personalized electric field modeling accurately pinpoints stimulation locations for high-resolution brain mapping.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biophysics
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • The precise location of brain structures activated by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) remains unclear despite advancements in navigation and modeling.
  • Understanding TMS activation sites is crucial for optimizing therapeutic applications and research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between electrophysiological measurements and induced electric fields in the brain to precisely locate TMS activation sites.
  • To develop a method for high-resolution mapping of the motor cortex using TMS.

Main Methods:

  • Recorded active and resting motor thresholds (MTs) in 19 subjects using monophasic TMS over the left primary motor cortex (M1).
  • Constructed individual head and brain electric field models from structural MRI data.
Keywords:
Computer simulationFinite element analysisMotor cortexMotor evoked potentialsPatient-specific modelingTranscranial magnetic stimulation

Related Experiment Videos

  • Estimated cortical activation sites by correlating calculated electric fields with measured MTs across various coil locations.

    • Main Results:

    • Individual variations in MTs and computed electric fields were observed.
    • Calculated electric fields in the hand knob region correlated with measured MTs as the TMS coil position varied.
    • The strongest correlations (R² = 0.69) pinpointed the activation site to the ventral and lateral part of the hand knob, independent of muscle contraction.

    Conclusions:

    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with personalized electric field modeling enables high-resolution motor cortex mapping.
    • This approach offers a precise method for determining TMS activation sites.
    • The findings contribute to a better understanding of neurostimulation mechanisms.