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The presence of depression and anxiety do not distinguish between functional jerks and cortical myoclonus
R Zutt1, J M Gelauff1, M Smit1
1University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Neurology, NL-9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands.
Introduction:
Functional movement disorders are accompanied by a high occurrence of psychopathology and cause serious impairments in quality of life. However, little is known about this in patients with functional jerks and no comparison has been made between patients with functional jerks and organic myoclonus. This case control study compares the occurrence of depression, anxiety and quality of life (HR-QoL) in patients with functional jerks and cortical myoclonus.
Methods:
Patients with functional jerks and cortical myoclonus, consecutively recruited, were compared on self-rated anxiety (Beck Anxiety Inventory), depression (Beck Depression Inventory), health-related quality of life (RAND-36), and myoclonus severity (UMRS and CGI-S rating scales).
Results:
Sixteen patients with functional jerks and 23 with cortical myoclonus were evaluated. There was no significant difference in depression (44% vs. 43%) or anxiety (44% vs. 47%) scores between groups. The HR-QoL was similarly impaired except that functional jerks patients reported significantly more pain (p < 0.05). Only in the functional jerks group myoclonus severity correlated with depression and anxiety.
Conclusion:
Depression and anxiety scores are high and do not discriminate between functional jerks and cortical myoclonus. Quality of life was equally impaired in both sub-groups, but pain was significantly worse in patients with functional jerks.