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microRNA single polynucleotide polymorphism influences on microRNA biogenesis and mRNA target specificity
Jarosław Króliczewski1, Aleksandra Sobolewska2, Dawid Lejnowski2
1Department of Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
Abstract:
microRNAs (miRNAs) are nowadays recognized as an essential component of gene regulatory networks. Furthermore, deregulation of miRNAs expression often contributes to human pathologies. Recently, a substantial number of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) and rare mutations within pri-, pre- and mature miRNA sequences have been reported. These miRNA SNPs have often been associated with human disease. However, due to the complexity of miRNA biogenesis and the genome-wide functional effects of miRNAs, the determination of biological consequences of these miRNA SNPs remains challenging. Despite an increasing number of reports linking miRNA SNPs with human pathologies, few reports have analyzed the mechanism by which miRNA-SNPs contribute to disease pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss how single polynucleotide polymorphisms in miRNAs genes may influence miRNAs expression and function and thus potentially alter disease pathogenesis.
Insights
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNA (miRNA) genes can affect gene regulation and human diseases. This review explores how miRNA SNPs influence miRNA expression and function, impacting disease development.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Molecular Biology
- Bioinformatics
Background:
- MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators in gene networks.
- miRNA deregulation is linked to various human pathologies.
- Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA genes are increasingly reported and associated with diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the mechanisms by which miRNA SNPs influence miRNA expression and function.
- To discuss the role of miRNA SNPs in disease pathogenesis.
- To highlight the challenges in determining the biological consequences of miRNA SNPs.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of studies on miRNA SNPs and their association with human diseases.
- Analysis of mechanisms affecting miRNA biogenesis and function due to SNPs.
- Discussion of the impact of miRNA SNPs on gene regulation.
Main Results:
- miRNA SNPs can alter miRNA processing, stability, and target recognition.
- These alterations can lead to changes in gene expression patterns.
- The functional consequences of miRNA SNPs are complex and context-dependent.
Conclusions:
- miRNA SNPs represent a significant factor in understanding genetic predisposition to diseases.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the precise mechanisms linking miRNA SNPs to specific pathologies.
- Understanding miRNA SNP effects is crucial for developing targeted diagnostics and therapeutics.