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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 21, 2026

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Complementary feeding practices: Current global and regional estimates.

Jessica M White1, France Bégin1, Richard Kumapley2

  • 1Nutrition Section, Programme Division, UNICEF, New York, New York, USA.

Maternal & Child Nutrition
|October 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Complementary feeding practices are suboptimal globally, with low rates of dietary diversity and continued breastfeeding. Improving infant and young child feeding is crucial for nutrition and development.

Keywords:
animal source foodscomplementary feedingcomplementary foodsdietary diversityinfant and young child feedingintroduction to solid, semisolid or soft foods

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Area of Science:

  • Child Nutrition
  • Global Public Health
  • Infant Feeding Practices

Background:

  • Poor complementary feeding practices threaten child health and nutrition globally.
  • Interventions are critical to reduce malnutrition, requiring data on feeding behaviors.
  • Recent availability of data allows for global assessment of complementary feeding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report on the global and regional situation of complementary feeding using UNICEF data.
  • To highlight the status of core indicators for the complementary feeding period.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the UNICEF global database.
  • Analyzed global and regional complementary feeding indicators.

Main Results:

  • Global continued breastfeeding drops significantly from 1 to 2 years of age.
  • Many infants start solids too early, while some older infants do not consume solids.
  • A concerningly low percentage of children (28.2%) aged 6-23 months receive a minimally diverse diet.

Conclusions:

  • Complementary feeding practices are suboptimal globally, even in affluent households, indicating cultural and knowledge barriers.
  • Urgent efforts are needed to improve children's diets for survival, growth, and development.
  • Regular government reporting on infant and young child feeding indicators is essential.